{"id":200,"date":"2019-01-14T05:31:42","date_gmt":"2019-01-14T05:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/felixkirsch.com\/?page_id=200"},"modified":"2019-01-17T19:48:12","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T19:48:12","slug":"erganzungen-5-5-aortenstenose","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-5-5-aortenstenose\/","title":{"rendered":"Erg\u00e4nzungen (5\/5) Aortenstenose"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"200\" class=\"elementor elementor-200 elementor-bc-flex-widget\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d09cbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d09cbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-586a641\" data-id=\"586a641\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f006599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f006599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/asecho.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2017ValveStenosisGuideline.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"white-space: normal;font-size: 14pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif\"><a href=\"http:\/\/asecho.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2017ValveStenosisGuideline.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span>neue ASE\/EACVI-Leitlinien zur Aortenstenose (2017):<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard;font-size: medium;white-space: normal\"><\/span><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-058c0ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"058c0ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-479e3d3\" data-id=\"479e3d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f216b76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f216b76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; break-after: avoid-page; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Calibri Light', sans-serif; color: #2f5496; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; caret-color: #000000;\">Betroffen sind in Block 5 die Folien 11, 26, 28, 30 &#8211; 32<\/span><\/h1><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Die\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">effektive<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Klappen\u00f6ffnungsfl\u00e4che (K\u00d6F<sub>eff<\/sub>\u00a0&#8211; ermittelt \u00fcber die Kontinuit\u00e4tsgleichung) ist stets\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">kleiner<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">und auch\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">prognostisch relevanter<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">als die anatomische K\u00d6F<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Dies relativiert auch die Bem\u00fchungen einer K\u00d6F-Planimetrie mittels 3D-Echokardiographie!<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Die &#8222;Achillesferse&#8220; der\u00a0 Kontinuit\u00e4tsgleichung liegt in der Berechnung der F\u00e4che des LVOT &#8211; Fehlmessungen gehen zum Quadrat in die Formel ein, eine weitere Schw\u00e4che der Formel ist, dass eine zirkul\u00e4re Fl\u00e4che angenommen wird, in der Realit\u00e4t aber eine eher ellipsoide Querschnittsfl\u00e4che vorliegt.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Dennoch gilt die Berechnung der K\u00d6F<sub>eff<\/sub>\u00a0weiterhin als etablierter\u00a0Parameter, es ist allerdings u.a.\u00a0 bei Verlaufsmessungen sinnvoll (z.B. w\u00e4hrend einer Stressechokardiographie oder auch im Verlauf von seriellen Untersuchungen), einen konstanten\/einzigen LVOT-Durchmesser zu ber\u00fccksichtigen und weiterzuverwenden.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Das Pressure Recovery-Ph\u00e4nomen spielt i.d.R. keine Rolle bei einem Durchmesser der Aorta ascendens von &gt; 30 mm.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Eine Vmax.\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a04 m\/s (daraus berechnete max. Gradienten sind nicht mehr von Belang) wie auch eine mittlerer Gradient\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a040 mm Hg spricht i.d.R. per se f\u00fcr eine hochgradige AS.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Allerdings sollte eine (reversible)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">High Flow Situation ausgeschlossen\u00a0werden<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">: Fieber, Hyperthyreose, An\u00e4mie, AV-Shunts &#8211; hier liegt dann als Hinweis auf eine High Flow Situation ein\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">SVI* &gt; 58 ml\/m<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">vor.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Auch eine gleichzeitige Aorteninsuffizienz kann den Gradienten erh\u00f6hen, allerdings ist bereits bei einer Kombination aus m\u00e4\u00dfiger AS als auch m\u00e4\u00dfiger AI von einem relevanten, also meistens sanierungsw\u00fcrdigen Vitium auszugehen.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">Gegen<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">eine hochgradige AS spricht:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211; eine Vmax &lt; 3\/m oder ein mittlerer Gradient &lt; 20 mm Hg<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211; eine K\u00d6F &gt; 1,0 cm<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Bei einer\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">Vmax &gt; 3 m\/s<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">bzw. einem\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">mittleren Gradienten &gt; 20 mm Hg<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">sollte also eine\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">K\u00d6F-Berechnung per Kontinuit\u00e4tsgleichung<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">erfolgen\u00a0\u00a0&#8211; liegt diese bei\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&lt; 1.0 cm<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">, sind 3 Konstellationen m\u00f6glich:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211; Fehlmessung (v.a. des LVOT &#8211; Messung \u00fcberpr\u00fcfen\/wiederholen!)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211;\u00a0 tats\u00e4chlich hochgr. AS mit\u00a0 low flow low gradient -Situation mit\/ohne<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.escardio.org\/congresses\/euroecho-imaging-2014\/Pages\/welcome.aspx?hit=nav\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><b><span style=\"color: #333333; text-decoration: none;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/a><b>reduzierte EF (LVEF &lt; 50 % \/<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a050 %)<\/b><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211; Pseudoaortenstenose bei low flow &#8211; Situation mit\/ohne reduzierte EF (&#8222;die Klappe wird durch den schwachen Fluss nicht richtig aufgedr\u00fcckt&#8220;)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">der\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">n\u00e4chste\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Schritt: Schlag-Volumen-Index-Messung (<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">SVI<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">*): wenn\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&gt; 35 ml\/m<sup>2<\/sup>, hochgr. AS unwahrscheinlich<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">wenn SVI &lt; 35 ml\/m<sup>2<\/sup>:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">n\u00e4chster Schritt: LV-EF-Bestimmung:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">wenn &lt; 50 %:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">Dobutamin-Stressechokardiographie (max. 20 ug\/kg\/min):<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">hochgradige AS, wenn:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&#8211; Vmax\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a04 m\/s od. mittl. Gradient &gt; 30 mm Hg\u00a0<u>und<\/u>\u00a0 K\u00d6F &lt; 1,0 cm<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0bleibt<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">unschl\u00fcssige Situation, wenn alles unter Dobutamin niedrig bleibt (Vmax\/mittlerer Druckgradient\/\/K\u00d6F &lt; 1,0) und das Schlagvolumen (SV) nicht um mind.\u00a0 20 % ansteigt &#8211; entweder tats\u00e4chlich hochgradige AS ohne Kontraktionsreserve (prognostisch ung\u00fcnstig, aber keine Kontraindikation f\u00fcr einen Klappenersatz) oder Pseudoaortenstenose<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">f\u00fcr eine tats\u00e4chliche hochgradige Aortenstenose sprechen dann \u00e4hnliche Konstellationen wie bei der im Folgenden besprochenen low flow low gradient -Situation mit normaler EF (&gt; 50 % &#8211; siehe weiter unten)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">wenn EF &gt; 50 %:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">ebenso low flow low gradient-Situation mit hochgradiger AS m\u00f6glich, wenn ein schwer hypertrophierter und kleiner linker Ventrikel nicht gen\u00fcgend Schlagvolumen aufbringen kann (SVI &lt; 35 ml\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0K\u00d6F)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">hier dann folgende Konstellationen f\u00fcr eine tats\u00e4chlich hochgradige AS sprechend:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; Klinik (Auskultatation, sonst nicht erkl\u00e4rliche Sy), Alter &gt; 70<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; schwere LV-Hypertrophie<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; mittlerer Gradient schon &gt; 30 mm Hg<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; K\u00d6F &lt; 0,8 cm<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; starke Verkalkungen der Aortenklappe (laut\u00a0 Leitlinien am besten per CT: Kalkscore\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a01200\/2000, v.a.\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a01600\/3000 (Frauen\/M\u00e4nner) f\u00fcr eine hochgradige AS sprechend)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">Neue Schweregradeinteilung der AS:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 1: Vmax\u00a0<u>&lt;<\/u>\u00a02,5 m\/s; mittl. Gradient &lt;\u00a0 20 mm Hg; K\u00d6F &gt; 1,5 cm<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 2: 2,6 &#8211; 2,9; 20 &#8211; 40; 1,0 &#8211; 1,5<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 3:\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a04;\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a040 ; &lt; 1,0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">nach Velocity Ratio und indexierter K\u00d6F:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 1: &gt; 0,50\u00a0 bzw. &gt; 0,85 cm2\/m2<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 2: 0,25 &#8211; 0,50 bzw. 0,60 &#8211; 0.85<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 3: &lt; 0,25 bzw. &lt; 0,6<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">was spricht f\u00fcr einen Klappenersatz auch bei asympt. AS?<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&#8211; Vmax. &gt; 5,5 m\/s<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&#8211; Vmax.-Anstieg\/Jahr um mind. 0,3 m\/s bei schwerem Klappenkalk<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&#8211; Anstieg des mittl. Gradienten unter Belastung um mind. 20 mm Hg<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">*SVI = Schlag-Volumen-Index = Schlagvolumen\/K\u00f6rperoberfl\u00e4che: VTI<sub>LVOT<\/sub>\u00a0 x Fl\u00e4che<sub>LVOT<\/sub>\u00a0 (<a style=\"color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/echocardiographer.org\/Calculators\/Calculator.COandSV.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #006699; text-decoration: none;\">hier online-Berechnung<\/span><\/a>)\/K\u00f6rperoberfl\u00e4che<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h1 style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; break-after: avoid-page; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Calibri Light', sans-serif; color: #2f5496; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/h1><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #cc0000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f780df elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4f780df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/asecho.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2017ValveStenosisGuideline.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"268\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-5-5-aortenstenose\/asschema\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png?fit=945%2C1066&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"945,1066\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ASSchema\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png?fit=266%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png?fit=750%2C846&amp;ssl=1\" width=\"750\" height=\"846\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png?fit=750%2C846&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-268\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png?w=945&amp;ssl=1 945w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png?resize=266%2C300&amp;ssl=1 266w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png?resize=768%2C866&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png?resize=908%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 908w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-585ac1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"585ac1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80d7bf4\" data-id=\"80d7bf4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5baae33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5baae33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>JASE 2017;30:372-92<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-445e75f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"445e75f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e16aa64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e16aa64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98e4839\" data-id=\"98e4839\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d95d2c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu\" data-id=\"d95d2c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-nav_menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<aside class=\"widget\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\"><span>Erg\u00e4nzungen<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"menu-errata-container\"><ul id=\"menu-errata\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-208\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-208\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-zur-5-auflage-errata\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (1\/5) neue ASE-Leitlinien zu Klappeninsuffizienzen<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-191\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-191\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/weiter-zur-trikuspidalinsuffizienz\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (2\/5) neue ASE-Leitlinien zu Klappeninsuffizienzen (TI)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-192\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-192\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-3-5\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (3\/5) Aorteninsuffizienz<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-206\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-206\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-4-5-pulmonalinsuffizienz\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (4\/5) Pulmonalinsuffizienz<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-207\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-207\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-5-5-aortenstenose\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (5\/5) Aortenstenose<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/aside>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>neue ASE\/EACVI-Leitlinien zur Aortenstenose (2017): Betroffen sind in Block 5 die Folien 11, 26, 28, 30 &#8211; 32 Die\u00a0effektive\u00a0Klappen\u00f6ffnungsfl\u00e4che (K\u00d6Feff\u00a0&#8211; ermittelt \u00fcber die Kontinuit\u00e4tsgleichung) ist stets\u00a0kleiner\u00a0und auch\u00a0prognostisch relevanter\u00a0als die anatomische K\u00d6F Dies relativiert auch die Bem\u00fchungen einer K\u00d6F-Planimetrie mittels 3D-Echokardiographie!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-200","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PaCb4I-3e","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":27,"url":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/kongresse\/","url_meta":{"origin":200,"position":0},"title":"Congresses","author":"admin","date":"January 12, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"This page lists major international congresses in echocardiography and cardiovascular imaging, with a focus on transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) ultrasound.Included are scientific meetings such as ASE, EACVI, CSI and other leading cardiovascular conferences featuring guideline updates, advanced imaging sessions, and continuing medical education (CME).The overview is regularly updated and\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/scaled_1-1024x370.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/scaled_1-1024x370.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/scaled_1-1024x370.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/scaled_1-1024x370.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=200"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":331,"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200\/revisions\/331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}