{"id":200,"date":"2019-01-14T05:31:42","date_gmt":"2019-01-14T05:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/felixkirsch.com\/?page_id=200"},"modified":"2019-01-17T19:48:12","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T19:48:12","slug":"erganzungen-5-5-aortenstenose","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-5-5-aortenstenose\/","title":{"rendered":"Erg\u00e4nzungen (5\/5) Aortenstenose"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"200\" class=\"elementor elementor-200 elementor-bc-flex-widget\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d09cbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d09cbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-586a641\" data-id=\"586a641\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f006599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f006599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"http:\/\/asecho.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2017ValveStenosisGuideline.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"white-space: normal;font-size: 14pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif\"><a href=\"http:\/\/asecho.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2017ValveStenosisGuideline.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span>neue ASE\/EACVI-Leitlinien zur Aortenstenose (2017):<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: -webkit-standard;font-size: medium;white-space: normal\"><\/span><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-058c0ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"058c0ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-479e3d3\" data-id=\"479e3d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f216b76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f216b76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; break-after: avoid-page; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Calibri Light', sans-serif; color: #2f5496; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; caret-color: #000000;\">Betroffen sind in Block 5 die Folien 11, 26, 28, 30 &#8211; 32<\/span><\/h1><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Die\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">effektive<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Klappen\u00f6ffnungsfl\u00e4che (K\u00d6F<sub>eff<\/sub>\u00a0&#8211; ermittelt \u00fcber die Kontinuit\u00e4tsgleichung) ist stets\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">kleiner<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">und auch\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">prognostisch relevanter<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">als die anatomische K\u00d6F<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Dies relativiert auch die Bem\u00fchungen einer K\u00d6F-Planimetrie mittels 3D-Echokardiographie!<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Die &#8222;Achillesferse&#8220; der\u00a0 Kontinuit\u00e4tsgleichung liegt in der Berechnung der F\u00e4che des LVOT &#8211; Fehlmessungen gehen zum Quadrat in die Formel ein, eine weitere Schw\u00e4che der Formel ist, dass eine zirkul\u00e4re Fl\u00e4che angenommen wird, in der Realit\u00e4t aber eine eher ellipsoide Querschnittsfl\u00e4che vorliegt.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Dennoch gilt die Berechnung der K\u00d6F<sub>eff<\/sub>\u00a0weiterhin als etablierter\u00a0Parameter, es ist allerdings u.a.\u00a0 bei Verlaufsmessungen sinnvoll (z.B. w\u00e4hrend einer Stressechokardiographie oder auch im Verlauf von seriellen Untersuchungen), einen konstanten\/einzigen LVOT-Durchmesser zu ber\u00fccksichtigen und weiterzuverwenden.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Das Pressure Recovery-Ph\u00e4nomen spielt i.d.R. keine Rolle bei einem Durchmesser der Aorta ascendens von &gt; 30 mm.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Eine Vmax.\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a04 m\/s (daraus berechnete max. Gradienten sind nicht mehr von Belang) wie auch eine mittlerer Gradient\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a040 mm Hg spricht i.d.R. per se f\u00fcr eine hochgradige AS.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Allerdings sollte eine (reversible)\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">High Flow Situation ausgeschlossen\u00a0werden<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">: Fieber, Hyperthyreose, An\u00e4mie, AV-Shunts &#8211; hier liegt dann als Hinweis auf eine High Flow Situation ein\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">SVI* &gt; 58 ml\/m<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">vor.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Auch eine gleichzeitige Aorteninsuffizienz kann den Gradienten erh\u00f6hen, allerdings ist bereits bei einer Kombination aus m\u00e4\u00dfiger AS als auch m\u00e4\u00dfiger AI von einem relevanten, also meistens sanierungsw\u00fcrdigen Vitium auszugehen.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">Gegen<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">eine hochgradige AS spricht:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211; eine Vmax &lt; 3\/m oder ein mittlerer Gradient &lt; 20 mm Hg<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211; eine K\u00d6F &gt; 1,0 cm<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Bei einer\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">Vmax &gt; 3 m\/s<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">bzw. einem\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">mittleren Gradienten &gt; 20 mm Hg<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">sollte also eine\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">K\u00d6F-Berechnung per Kontinuit\u00e4tsgleichung<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">erfolgen\u00a0\u00a0&#8211; liegt diese bei\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&lt; 1.0 cm<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">, sind 3 Konstellationen m\u00f6glich:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211; Fehlmessung (v.a. des LVOT &#8211; Messung \u00fcberpr\u00fcfen\/wiederholen!)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211;\u00a0 tats\u00e4chlich hochgr. AS mit\u00a0 low flow low gradient -Situation mit\/ohne<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\"><a style=\"color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.escardio.org\/congresses\/euroecho-imaging-2014\/Pages\/welcome.aspx?hit=nav\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><b><span style=\"color: #333333; text-decoration: none;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/a><b>reduzierte EF (LVEF &lt; 50 % \/<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a050 %)<\/b><\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">&#8211; Pseudoaortenstenose bei low flow &#8211; Situation mit\/ohne reduzierte EF (&#8222;die Klappe wird durch den schwachen Fluss nicht richtig aufgedr\u00fcckt&#8220;)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">der\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">n\u00e4chste\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Schritt: Schlag-Volumen-Index-Messung (<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">SVI<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">*): wenn\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&gt; 35 ml\/m<sup>2<\/sup>, hochgr. AS unwahrscheinlich<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">wenn SVI &lt; 35 ml\/m<sup>2<\/sup>:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">n\u00e4chster Schritt: LV-EF-Bestimmung:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">wenn &lt; 50 %:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">Dobutamin-Stressechokardiographie (max. 20 ug\/kg\/min):<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">hochgradige AS, wenn:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&#8211; Vmax\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a04 m\/s od. mittl. Gradient &gt; 30 mm Hg\u00a0<u>und<\/u>\u00a0 K\u00d6F &lt; 1,0 cm<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0bleibt<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">unschl\u00fcssige Situation, wenn alles unter Dobutamin niedrig bleibt (Vmax\/mittlerer Druckgradient\/\/K\u00d6F &lt; 1,0) und das Schlagvolumen (SV) nicht um mind.\u00a0 20 % ansteigt &#8211; entweder tats\u00e4chlich hochgradige AS ohne Kontraktionsreserve (prognostisch ung\u00fcnstig, aber keine Kontraindikation f\u00fcr einen Klappenersatz) oder Pseudoaortenstenose<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">f\u00fcr eine tats\u00e4chliche hochgradige Aortenstenose sprechen dann \u00e4hnliche Konstellationen wie bei der im Folgenden besprochenen low flow low gradient -Situation mit normaler EF (&gt; 50 % &#8211; siehe weiter unten)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">wenn EF &gt; 50 %:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">ebenso low flow low gradient-Situation mit hochgradiger AS m\u00f6glich, wenn ein schwer hypertrophierter und kleiner linker Ventrikel nicht gen\u00fcgend Schlagvolumen aufbringen kann (SVI &lt; 35 ml\/m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0K\u00d6F)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">hier dann folgende Konstellationen f\u00fcr eine tats\u00e4chlich hochgradige AS sprechend:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; Klinik (Auskultatation, sonst nicht erkl\u00e4rliche Sy), Alter &gt; 70<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; schwere LV-Hypertrophie<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; mittlerer Gradient schon &gt; 30 mm Hg<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; K\u00d6F &lt; 0,8 cm<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">&#8211; starke Verkalkungen der Aortenklappe (laut\u00a0 Leitlinien am besten per CT: Kalkscore\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a01200\/2000, v.a.\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a01600\/3000 (Frauen\/M\u00e4nner) f\u00fcr eine hochgradige AS sprechend)<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">Neue Schweregradeinteilung der AS:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 1: Vmax\u00a0<u>&lt;<\/u>\u00a02,5 m\/s; mittl. Gradient &lt;\u00a0 20 mm Hg; K\u00d6F &gt; 1,5 cm<sup>2<\/sup><\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 2: 2,6 &#8211; 2,9; 20 &#8211; 40; 1,0 &#8211; 1,5<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 3:\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a04;\u00a0<u>&gt;<\/u>\u00a040 ; &lt; 1,0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">nach Velocity Ratio und indexierter K\u00d6F:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 1: &gt; 0,50\u00a0 bzw. &gt; 0,85 cm2\/m2<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 2: 0,25 &#8211; 0,50 bzw. 0,60 &#8211; 0.85<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Grad 3: &lt; 0,25 bzw. &lt; 0,6<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">was spricht f\u00fcr einen Klappenersatz auch bei asympt. AS?<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&#8211; Vmax. &gt; 5,5 m\/s<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&#8211; Vmax.-Anstieg\/Jahr um mind. 0,3 m\/s bei schwerem Klappenkalk<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #990000;\">&#8211; Anstieg des mittl. Gradienten unter Belastung um mind. 20 mm Hg<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; caret-color: #333333;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">*SVI = Schlag-Volumen-Index = Schlagvolumen\/K\u00f6rperoberfl\u00e4che: VTI<sub>LVOT<\/sub>\u00a0 x Fl\u00e4che<sub>LVOT<\/sub>\u00a0 (<a style=\"color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/echocardiographer.org\/Calculators\/Calculator.COandSV.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #006699; text-decoration: none;\">hier online-Berechnung<\/span><\/a>)\/K\u00f6rperoberfl\u00e4che<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h1 style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; break-after: avoid-page; font-size: 16pt; font-family: 'Calibri Light', sans-serif; color: #2f5496; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/h1><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #cc0000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f780df elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4f780df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/asecho.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/2017ValveStenosisGuideline.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"846\" src=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema-908x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-268\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema-908x1024.png 908w, https:\/\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema-266x300.png 266w, https:\/\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema-768x866.png 768w, https:\/\/echokardio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/ASSchema.png 945w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-585ac1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"585ac1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80d7bf4\" data-id=\"80d7bf4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5baae33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5baae33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>JASE 2017;30:372-92<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-445e75f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"445e75f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e16aa64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e16aa64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-98e4839\" data-id=\"98e4839\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d95d2c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu\" data-id=\"d95d2c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-nav_menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<aside class=\"widget\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\"><span>Erg\u00e4nzungen<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"menu-errata-container\"><ul id=\"menu-errata\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-208\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-208\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-zur-5-auflage-errata\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (1\/5) neue ASE-Leitlinien zu Klappeninsuffizienzen<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-191\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-191\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/weiter-zur-trikuspidalinsuffizienz\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (2\/5) neue ASE-Leitlinien zu Klappeninsuffizienzen (TI)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-192\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-192\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-3-5\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (3\/5) Aorteninsuffizienz<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-206\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-206\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-4-5-pulmonalinsuffizienz\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (4\/5) Pulmonalinsuffizienz<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-207\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-207\"><a href=\"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/erganzungen-5-5-aortenstenose\/\">Erg\u00e4nzungen (5\/5) Aortenstenose<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/aside>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>neue ASE\/EACVI-Leitlinien zur Aortenstenose (2017): Betroffen sind in Block 5 die Folien 11, 26, 28, 30 &#8211; 32 Die\u00a0effektive\u00a0Klappen\u00f6ffnungsfl\u00e4che (K\u00d6Feff\u00a0&#8211; ermittelt \u00fcber die Kontinuit\u00e4tsgleichung) ist stets\u00a0kleiner\u00a0und auch\u00a0prognostisch relevanter\u00a0als die anatomische K\u00d6F Dies relativiert auch die Bem\u00fchungen einer K\u00d6F-Planimetrie mittels 3D-Echokardiographie!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-200","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=200"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":331,"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/200\/revisions\/331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/echokardio.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}